Bunkyū era (1861.2.19-1864.2.20)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
New Year's Day; New Year's morning; morning of New Year's Day
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
article; item; quality; flirtatiousness; coquetry
river; stream; River; the ... river
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
steamship; steamboat; steamer
order; turn; sorting; obedient; docile; submissive
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Seto Inland Sea; Inland Sea
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
Hyogo (prefecture); armory; armoury; arsenal
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
splendid horse; promoted bishop
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to face; to go towards; to head towards
win; victory; beautiful scenery; scenic spot; counter for wins
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...