same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
eurozone; euro zone; euro area
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
national debt; national securities; government bonds; government securities
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
big; large; drastic; full-width cloth (approx. 72 cm wide for traditional Japanese clothing; approx. 140 cm wide for Western clothing)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
debt; liabilities; obligation to a person or party (usu. legal or contractual)
repayment; reimbursement; refund; redemption
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
major company; big company; front castle gate; force attacking the front of a castle
rating; classification; allocation; grading
company; corporation; workplace
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ninth day of the month; nine days
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
stage; step; level; rank; order; stairs
to pull down; to lower; to reduce; to withdraw
where ... is concerned; when it becomes; if it becomes
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight