to support; to back up; to revive (e.g. a company); to boost (e.g. morale); to bring up; to raise
oppression; suppression; pressure
house-sitting; house-sitter; caretaker or keeper (official post in the Edo period)
change; alteration; substitute; rate of exchange
leisurely post; do-nothing job; sinecure
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
policeman; cop; walking in a circle (dog trick); (arch.) rounds (doctor, police beat, etc.); (arch.) vegetables that accompany rice (secret language of court ladies)
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
poor; pitiable; pathetic; pitiful
nineteenth day of the month; nineteen days; (arch.) fool; (arch.) simpleton
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce (July 29, 1858); Japan-US Friendship and Trade Treaty
signature; signing; sealing
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
disobeying the emperor's order
pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.); to intersect; to cross; ... with one another; ... to each other
very rude; very insolent; extremely reprehensible; outrageous
to commit (e.g. crime); to perpetrate; to break (e.g. rule); to violate; to rape; to violate
to repel; to drive away; to repulse; to reject
high-quality Japanese paper
for example; for instance; e.g.
feelings; thoughts; meaning
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
letter; note; epistle; correspondence
any; at all; in the least; even in a slight degree; ever
Sun Goddess; Amaterasu Ōmikami
descendant; posterity; offspring
to meet (someone of higher status); (arch.) to be recognized (esp. by someone of higher status); (arch.) to be visible; (arch.) to be seen
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
yours sincerely; respectfully yours
state ceremony; laborious; troublesome; irksome
intentionally; on purpose; deliberately; taking something into account
dissent; disagreement; disapproval; objection; refusal