jpdb beta

good evening

2

Ieyasu

4

be; is

10

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

160

world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign

4

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

82

to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish

3

20 years old; (arch.) twenty

2

more than ... years; -odd years

1

time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity

2

to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)

1

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

13

Japan

14

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

114

finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little

3

modern state; modern nation

1

to become; to amount to

3

here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...

2

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

99

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

11

from time immemorial; ancient; time-honoured; time-honored

1

tradition; convention

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

92

to respect; to honor; to honour; to esteem; to prize

1

thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan

2

such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o

12

Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo

1

reassessment; reappraisal; reevaluation; revaluation

1

to gather momentum; to gather strength; (for a trend) to reach a peak

1

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

8

in that way; thus; so; so?

9

Constitution of the Empire of Japan; Meiji Constitution

1

proclamation; promulgation

2

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

45

same age

1

to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding

8

salute of guns

1

sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading

1

to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)

1

seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that

2

Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)

6

year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)

10

summer

2

Kōzuke (former province located in present-day Gunma Prefecture)

4

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

27

Edo Castle (residence of the Shogun during the Edo period, now the site of the Tokyo Imperial Palace)

1

to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold

2

turning point; critical juncture; knot (in a tree, etc.)

1

to celebrate; to congratulate; to present (a gift) in celebration; to drink in celebration; to wish for (a happy future, good fortune, etc.); to pray for

2

Tokyo

13