now; the present time; just now; another; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
worship; adoration; admiration; cult
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
Kagoshima (city, prefecture)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
government; administration
war; fighting; fierce competition
outbreak (e.g. of war); outburst; sudden occurrence
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
absurd; foolish; stupid; silly; nonsense; ludicrous
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to spend; to expend; to waste; to squander; to devote
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
public finance; financial affairs; financial situation
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dense; thick; close (relationship); intimate; minute; fine
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
inconvertible paper money; fiat money
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out