Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
finally; after; following; at the end (of)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
even though; despite; when
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
new government; new administration
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in name only; titular; nominal
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
after that; afterwards; thereafter
treatment (of a person); dealing with
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
internal conflict; family quarrel; domestic trouble
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
having one's hands full; not having any room to do more; at the limit
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
reformation; revolution; renewal; Meiji Restoration
leading part; leading actor; leading actress
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
state; condition; circumstances; sight; spectacle
system; institution; organization; organisation
to be ready; to be prepared; to be in order; to be put in order; to be adjusted; to be regulated
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
complaint; grumbling; objection; phrase; words; expression
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
(doing) as one pleases; to one's heart's content; letting (something) go unchecked; leaving uncontrolled; leaving (something) to take its own course