stencil dyeing produced with various shades of indigo
refund; rebate; repayment
oil cake (fertilizer made of oily vegetable dregs)
company (i.e. business); company (i.e. group of friends)
in the prefecture; prefectural
separate account; separate charge
Battle of Hakodate (battle of the Boshin War; 1868-1869)
annual installment; annual instalment
counting on the abacus; cost-benefit calculation; profit calculation
weeding out; elimination (e.g. of unneeded employees); culling; selection (e.g. natural selection)
to give an important position
Boshin War (Japanese civil war between Imperial and shogunate forces; 1868-1869)
buying; purchasing; laying in
Grand Council of State (1868-1885 CE); Department of State (under the ritsuryo system)
each locality; each place; each region
Western learning (introduced to Japan in the late-Edo and early-Meiji eras)
Sinology; study of China or of the Chinese classics