imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take (seat, position, course, office, etc.); to assume; to ascend (the throne); to accede; to start (on a journey); to commence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
foundation; basis; bedrock; substrate (circuit board)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to harden; to freeze; to put together; to collect; to make secure; to stabilize; to fortify
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
capable person; talented person; human resources; personnel
appeal; call for something; request; axiom
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
at once; immediately; right now
similarly; same (idea); same (name)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to serve; to work for; to attend
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
(your) business; (your) concern; (customer's) order; official business (of the government, Imperial Court, etc.); arrest; capture
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
to collect; to assemble; to gather
after a long time; for the first time in a while
Kanto; region consisting of Tokyo and surrounding prefectures; Kanto; north-eastern half of Japan (during the feudal era)
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing