useless; vain; aimless; idle
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to throw down; to throw out; to abandon; to resign; to give freely; to give generously
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be of benefit; to be useful; to be good for you
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
retainer; retinue; servant
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
kind; gentle; considerate; generous; friendly; nice
honorific/polite/humble prefix
proposal; offer; request; application
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
deep gratitude; heartfelt appreciation; not forgetting to express one's gratitude
utmost limit; extremity; result
to guess; to sense; to presume; to sympathize with; to sympathise with
in accordance with; following; roughly; about; Street; Avenue
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
one's station in life; one's personal history; one's circumstances; one's lot; one's destiny; one's future
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
any; at all; in the least; even in a slight degree; ever
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
will; resolution; kindness; goodwill; gift (as a token of gratitude)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen