indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
breathing of a sleeping person
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
artificial; man-made; human work; human skill; artificiality
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
stock (of goods); reserve; supply
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
superior airs; air of importance; overemphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to become stiff (of muscles); to get absorbed in; to develop a passion for; to be elaborate; to be intricate
manga cafe; coffee shop with a manga library (usu. has Internet facilities and charges by the hour)