indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
suffix for familiar person
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mottled spinefoot (Siganus fuscescens, species of Western Pacific rabbitfish); dusky rabbitfish; sandy spinefoot
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
Sasamorpha borealis (species of bamboo grass unique to Japan)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
father; dad; husband; you; he
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
honorific/polite/humble prefix
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's