indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
suffix for familiar person
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
family; members of a family
student (esp. a university student)
scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum); gilo
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
receiving an electric shock
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
adds force or indicates command
police officer; policeman; policewoman
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up