indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
any more; any further; any better; any longer
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what time; (lit.) which hour
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to get used (to); to get familiar with; to get skillful with
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to cool down; to get cold; to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.); to subside; to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.); to be composed
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible