rikka; formal style of ikebana
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
suffix for familiar person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
to dig up; to turn up; to tear up; to rake up (e.g. old scandal); to dig over
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
unreasonable; irrational; outrageous; absurd
family; members of a family
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to taste; to savor; to appreciate; to enjoy; to experience; to go through
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
consequence; outcome; result; blame
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
to bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to be wounded; to get injured; to get hurt feelings; to get damaged; to get chipped