indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
good luck; fortune; happiness; harvest; yield
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
marriage ceremony; wedding; nuptials
abduction; kidnapping; kidnaping
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie