indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to bring someone happiness; to make someone happy
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
person in charge (including a supervisory role for other staff); person responsible for ...; responsible party; supervisor; manager
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(arch.) Mahito (highest of the eight hereditary titles); you
genuine article; real thing; real deal
Japanese fir (Abies firma); momi fir
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
how; in what way; how about
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to relate to; to have one's feelings understood
generous; soft-hearted; having a good personality
upper reaches of a river; upstream
to be wounded; to get injured; to get hurt feelings; to get damaged; to get chipped
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
with one's life (protect, etc.); at the cost of one's life
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling