bowstring; string (of a shamisen, etc.); stringed instrument; chord; hypotenuse
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to taste; to eat; to drink; to speak (of); to refer (to); to say
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
honorific/polite/humble prefix
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
man; male; masculine gender
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning