indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
running away from home; elopement; (arch.) outing; (arch.) going out; (arch.) becoming a Buddhist monk; (arch.) entering the priesthood
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
with ... as a start; taking advantage of; inspired by
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
funeral parlor (parlour); funeral home; undertaker's; undertaker; mortician; funeral director
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
with a slap; with a pop; without batting an eyelid; generously; cutesy suffix applied to names
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
participation; joining; entry; adherence
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
river; stream; River; the ... river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
police; police officer; police station
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
neighborhood association; neighbourhood association
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
interaction with one's neighbors; relationship with one's neighbors (neighbours)
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?