indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to grow up; to become an adult
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
marriage ceremony; wedding; nuptials
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
don't you think?; indicates question
now; the present time; just now; another; more
medical science; medicine
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
very likely; very probable
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
purple; violet; Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell); type of soy sauce
temple; shrine; hall; company; (arch.) front room
senior high school; high school
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to begin to say; to start talking; to broach (a matter); to be the first to say; to suggest (doing); to propose
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
successfully; fairly; artfully; nicely; thoroughly
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation