indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
shopkeeper; storekeeper; proprietor of a shop
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
personal history; curriculum vitae; resume
portrait of deceased person
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
to intimidate; to frighten; to scare; to threaten (e.g. peace); to jeopardize; to endanger
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
feeling; sense; impression
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to have a talk; to tell a story
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
beginning; outset; first; onset
memories; recollections; reminiscence
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?