human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
quality; value; nature; inherent quality; logical quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
in that way; thus; so; so?
to be convinced (that); to be under the impression (that); to make up one's mind; to set one's heart on; to be obsessed (with a thought, idea, etc.); to think about obsessively
going; travelling; act; action; bank; counter for banks; counter for groups or parties of people
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
shallow view; superficial idea
holiday house; vacation home; villa; prison; jail
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
until now; so far; up to the present
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
job hunting; job searching
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
meeting together; introduction; costarring; appearing together; being matched; facing off
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
how long; how much; to what extent
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to like; to love; to be fond of
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
reliance; trust; faith; confidence
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question