this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
national convention; national competition; national athletic meet
overall victory; championship
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
clearly; plainly; distinctly; decisively; flatly; definitely
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
please (give me); please (do for me)
change (personnel); transfer; reshuffle
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
story; tale; talk; discussion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
swing; shake; appearance; behaviour; pretence (pretense); show; going to restaurant, hotel etc. without a reservation or introduction
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!