(small) knife; short sword; small sword
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stab; to stick; to pierce; to thrust
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
letter; missive; note; mail
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
police; police officer; police station
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
anonymity; using an assumed name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
substitution (for someone else); substitute; stand-in; scapegoat; sacrifice
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to guide; to lead; to show the way; to derive; to deduce
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to drive away; to turn away; to send away; to repel; to repulse
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
polite; courteous; hospitable
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
from the bottom of one's heart; heartily; sincerely
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
please (give me); please (do for me)