famous sword; sword blade by Masamune; sake; Japanese rice wine; brand of sake from Nada region during Tenpō era (1830-1844)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
special someone; special person; precious one; significant other
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
10th month of the lunisolar calendar (traditional first month of winter, approx. November); late autumn; late fall
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to begin some form of lifestyle
that; the matter in question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
male help; male labor; man's handwriting; (arch.) kanji
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
suffix for familiar person
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
such ... as; or some such
by myself; in person; by oneself
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...