(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
holly olive (Osmanthus heterophyllus); false holly; holly; spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis)
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
definite; final; decisive; conclusive
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
obstacle; hindrance; impediment; nuisance; bore; burden
one by one; one at a time; in turn
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to change; to swap; to change the object of one's interest or focus; to spend or take time; to infect; to permeate something with the smell or colour of something; to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result