assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
than; from; out of; except; but; more
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
regret; repentance; remorse
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to have an accident; to meet with an accident
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
group with a common interest (e.g. students); club (e.g. company sports club); circle; circle (shape)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.