indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
chairman; moderator; toastmaster; master of ceremonies; chairperson; host (of a TV show, etc.)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
advertisement; advertising; announcement; notice
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
nerve; nerves; sensitivity
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
until now; so far; up to the present
time; hour; period; class
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)