indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
suffix for familiar person
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
consequence; outcome; result; blame
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
idly; lazily; evasively; elusively; laziness; fooling around
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
other; another; over; more than; I; me
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
myself; yourself; I; me; you