indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
goodbye; so long; saying goodbye to (e.g. life as a bachelor); putting an end to; farewell (performance, party, etc.); final
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
name; given name; first name
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
crossing; passage; importing; import; wandering; wanderer; migration
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
spurious article; forgery; counterfeit; imitation; sham
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
light; right; right field; right fielder
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to coax; to wheedle; to soothe and humor (humour)
confession; acknowledgement; acknowledgment
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't you think?; indicates question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question