indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
crater; caldera; burner (e.g. on a furnace)
in accordance with plans; just as planned
news flash; prompt report; bulletin; quick announcement
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
special program; special programme
broadcasting; broadcast; program; announcement
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pistol; handgun; revolver
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to push in; to force into; to break in (e.g. into a house); to intrude
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
police; police officer; police station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
arrest; apprehension; capture
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) you (in reference to someone of lower status)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
after that; afterwards; thereafter
death; mortality; to die; to pass away
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
administrative official; secretary; commissioner
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to see; to look; to watch; to try to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
piece of evidence; evidence