from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
conquest; domination; mastery
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to finish; to fulfill
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543.1.31-1616.6.1), Shougun 1603-1605
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
to make an onslaught (on); to close in (on)
summer campaign of the siege of Osaka (1615 CE)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
one more; another; the other; not quite; not very good
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to corner; to drive to the wall; to run down; to track down; to chase after
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
after ages; posterity; future life; the next world
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to pass down (a story) from generation to generation; to hand down
already; now; no longer; not any more
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honor; honour; credit; prestige
place to die; place of death
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
troop headquarters; stronghold; inn designated for use by a daimyo (Edo period)