cheers; bottoms-up; toast; drink (in celebration or in honor of something); drinking one's glass dry
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
full moon; moon on the 15th day of the month (by the lunar calendar); full moon of the eighth lunar month
to intrude; to butt in; to meddle; to be forward; to be self-assertive; to show off
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
now; the present time; just now; another; more
superlative; extraordinary; mega; superdreadnought (class of warships)
violent shock; agitation; turbulence; turmoil; upheaval; excitement
whirlpool; swirl; eddy; vortex; maelstrom
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
cause and effect; causality; karma; fate; unfortunate; unlucky
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
Sekigahara (battle site, 1600); decisive battle; critical battle
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
platform; podium; (ceremonial) mound; world (of haiku, art, etc.); (literary) circles; (arch.) mandala
in addition; furthermore; above (which); on top of (which)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
this occasion; at this time; now
retirement at one's own request
to accept; to receive; to agree
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to speak distinctly; to speak clearly; to put it bluntly; to get to the point; to be frank
neck; head; dismissal; discharge