indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
full moon; moon on the 15th day of the month (by the lunar calendar); full moon of the eighth lunar month
third year of high school; third-year high-school student
scholarly ability; scholarship; knowledge; literary ability
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
stamina; endurance; physical strength; strength of an organization (e.g. profitability, productivity, economic clout, stability, growth potential)
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
confidence; trust; faith; credit (finance)
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
having absolutely nothing (left); being out of everything; absolutely nothing
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one day; (on) a certain day
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
somehow; for some reason or other
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
ancestor; forefather; foremother
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to change (cars or horses); to transfer; to possess; to inspire
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic