indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to behave like a spoiled child; to fawn on; to take advantage of; to presume upon (e.g. another's benevolence); to depend on
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to cut corners; to be shoddy
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
working adult; full-fledged member of society
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
how; in what way; how about
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
to ask; to inquire; to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior); to visit; to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
clumsiness; awkwardness; ineptitude
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible