indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
resigning from a company on marriage (of a woman)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
breaking off an engagement
company; corporation; workplace
reinstatement; reappointment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
searching for a marriage partner; marriage hunting; activities leading to marriage (e.g. dating, courtship)
column (e.g. in newspaper); stand-alone feature article framed by a box
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
within; inside of; less than
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
should; must; -able; probably; likely
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
bargain sale; selling cheaply; giving out freely
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to cherish; to treasure; to prize; to take good care of; to look after
to give oneself to (esp. of a woman to a man); to surrender one's body