beginning; outset; first; onset
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rock-paper-scissors (game); janken
draw; tie; quits; even; square
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
one more time; once more; once again
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
how; in what way; how about
to hurt; to ache; to feel a pain; to be injured; to be spoiled (e.g. food); to be damaged
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
uh-huh; mm-hmm; with a moan; with a groan
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
in that way; thus; so; so?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; scan (e.g. MRI, PET, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
no problem; all right; not an issue; unobjectionable
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
bad feeling; feeling bad; disagreeable; unpleasant; revolting; gross
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
(turning) round and round; in circles; wrapping around; winding around
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
extra; more; unnecessary; needless; all the more; even more
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes