once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
reappearance; reemergence; return; reproduction; reenactment; recreation
to choke; to be choked by; to be stifled by
latest; newest; late-breaking (news)
program (e.g. TV); programme
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
tree sparrow (Passer montanus); talkative person; knowledgeable person
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
woman; female; feminine gender
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
light (e.g. aircraft, truck); light motor vehicle (up to 660cc and 64bhp); kei car