first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
Empress Jitou; Jitou Tenno (645-702 CE, reigning: 690-697 CE)
relocation of the capital; transfer of the capital
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
Heijō-kyō (capital of Japan from 710-40 and 745-84; located in present-day Nara)
to transfer (to a different place, group, etc.); to change; to move to the next stage (of a plan, etc.); to divert (one's attention) to; to focus on (something different); to spend (time); to let (time) pass
then; well; so; well then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
Emperor Shōmu (701-756 CE, reigning: 724-749 CE); Shōmu Tennō
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error; to get wrong; to mistake (one thing for another); to confuse
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; indeed; really
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; merely; nothing but; no more than
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
without (doing); instead of; if (it) isn't done; if (one) doesn't do ...; if not ...; unless ...
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
Empress Gemmei; Gemmei Tenno (661-721 CE, reigning: 707-715 CE)
correct answer; right solution; correct interpretation; right decision; right choice; appropriate judgement
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
ring; circle; hoop; wheel; circle (e.g. of friends); planetary ring