indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to need; to call for; to require
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
obedient; meek; honest; frank; straight (e.g. hair); without peculiarity
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
way (of doing); manner; method; means
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
number one; first; best; most; game; round
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
moai; Okinawan-style social support group
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?