reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ago; since; before; previous
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Qingdao (China); Tsingtao; Chingtao
honorific/polite/humble prefix
letter; missive; note; mail
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to subsist; to keep on living
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Altair (star in the constellation Aquila); Alpha Aquilae
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
had better ...; had better not ...
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
you must be kidding; hey, come on!; surely not!