Qingdao (China); Tsingtao; Chingtao
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to swap; to change the object of one's interest or focus; to spend or take time; to infect; to permeate something with the smell or colour of something; to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
factory; plant; mill; workshop
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
counterfeit paper money; forged document
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to pay a visit to
family; members of a family
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to be kind to; to treat kindly
futon; Japanese bedding consisting of a mattress and a duvet; round cushion used for Zen meditation (traditionally made of woven bulrush leaves)
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
large amount of money; great cost
to carry (something) under cover; to carry concealed
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine