indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
sorry; excuse me; thank you
district governor (Ritsuryo period)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
pupil; student; schoolchild
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
offender; criminal; culprit
demand; firm request; requisition; requirement; desire
to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations); to affect; to take a toll; to strike home
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
please (give me); please (do for me)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
holly olive (Osmanthus heterophyllus); false holly; holly; spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
gymnastics; physical exercises; artistic gymnastics; gymnastics competition; physical education (class); PE
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
homeroom; form room; form class
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire