sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
no good; not allowed; not acceptable; outtake; blooper; retake
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
spring water; clear (pure) water
roll (e.g. of cloth); winding (e.g. watch); volume (of book); speeding up; heel (of a Japanese sandal)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
in that way; thus; so; so?
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
existence; possession; having; limited company
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to play (a stringed or keyboard instrument)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
musical composition; melody writing; song writing
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...