indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to need; to call for; to require
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
meaning; significance; sense
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to burst into tears; to burst out crying; to begin to cry; to be moved to tears
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
change; alteration; substitute; rate of exchange
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
aloneness; loneliness; solitude
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then