light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
twenty-third day of the month; twenty-three days
absence; being away from home; house-sitting; house-sitter; being left unattended to (of one's studies, etc.); neglecting
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
what with this and that; for a number of reasons
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
sorry; excuse me; thank you
in the same manner as before; the same as always
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness