indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to look forward to something
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
program (e.g. TV); programme
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
perfectly matching; totally agreeing; concurring; sticking to
to meet (someone of higher status); (arch.) to be recognized (esp. by someone of higher status); (arch.) to be visible; (arch.) to be seen
how do you do?; nice to meet you; adieu; farewell; bon voyage
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
now; the present time; just now; another; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding