indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lump; mass; group; crowd; embodiment (of an idea, quality, feeling etc.); personification
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
space development; space exploration
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
desperate; frantic; excited; worked up; heated; eager
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
cotton plant (Gossypium spp.); batting; wadding; padding
advanced (developed) country; advanced nations
duty; obligation; responsibility
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
zaibatsu; financial conglomerate; industrial group
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
azalea (Rhododendron spp.)
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not