all present; all concerned; all of us
existence; possession; having; limited company
terraced house; terrace house; row house; (detached) house with a terrace
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
strange; unfamiliar; unknown; unfamiliarity; strangeness; stranger
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
living together; communal life; cohabitation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
honorific/polite/humble prefix
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
script; libretto; scenario
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Nagano prefecture (Chūbu area)
light (e.g. aircraft, truck); light motor vehicle (up to 660cc and 64bhp); kei car
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
season (period in which regulated games are played); season (division of the year); season (of a TV show, etc.); season (for doing something, e.g. ski season, entrance examination season)
mountain hamlet; mountain village
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?