all present; all concerned; all of us
existence; possession; having; limited company
terraced house; terrace house; row house; (detached) house with a terrace
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
strange; unfamiliar; unknown; unfamiliarity; strangeness; stranger
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
living together; communal life; cohabitation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
honorific/polite/humble prefix
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
script; libretto; scenario
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
mountain hamlet; mountain village
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
rod; pole; neck (of a shamisen, etc.); shamisen; beam (i.e. the crossbar of a balance); single line (esp. as a flying formation for geese); penis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
betterment; improvement; kaizen (Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement)
then; and then; and; if so; because then; if that's the case
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily