indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
my; one's own; I ...; one ...
arm; skill; efforts; ability
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make one's way in the world; to earn one's living; to live
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
wandering samurai; soldier of fortune; brigand; mountain-dwelling robber
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
haze (esp. in spring); mist; dimness (of sight)
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
(arch.) lowly person; (arch.) lowliness; I
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
prevention; precaution; protection against
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
stationery shop; a stationer
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to suit; to match; to become; to be like